26th Edition of International Research Chemistry Awards
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3D fluorescence microscopy explores the molecular basis of cancer metastasis
As the second leading cause of death globally, cancer is a worldwide health crisis, particularly as life expectancies continue to increase. In its final stages, cancer spreads throughout the body in a process known as metastasis. Here, the cancer cells enter the circulatory system, moving to various distal sites where they cause the formation of new tumors. Metastasis accounts for a vast majority of cancer-related deaths, but the molecular machinery driving this behavior is still poorly understood. The cytoskeleton is a critical component of cancer cell migration and is broadly involved in cell structure and motility. The formation of actin filaments (F-actin), in particular, is a notable driver of cell motility, and the presence of F-actin structures can serve as a biomarker of cell migration. Actin filaments can also be used as an indicator of cell necrosis, as the loss of membrane integrity causes F-actin to become exposed. 3D insights into the behavior of cytoskeletal F-actin...
Cell nucleus shape plays a key role in cancer therapy outcomes
Cancer cells with a cell nucleus that is easily deformed are more sensitive to drugs that damage DNA. These are the findings of a new study by researchers at Linköping University in Sweden. The results may also explain why combining certain cancer drugs can produce the opposite of the intended effect. The study has been published in the journal Nature Communications. A few years ago, a new type of drug was introduced that exploits deficiencies in cancer cells' ability to repair damage to their DNA. These drugs, called PARP1 inhibitors, are used against cancers that have mutations in genes involved in DNA repair, such as the breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1). This gene has such a central role in the cell's ability to repair serious DNA damage that mutations in it greatly increase the risk of developing cancer, often at a young age. The risk is so high that some women with a mutated BRCA1 gene choose to have their breasts and ovaries surgically removed to prevent cancer. PARP1 inhib...
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